Big and Major Changes To AdSense Terms and Conditions.

Google AdSense is a very large advertising solution for publishers, probably one of the best of its kind. With the addition of various features to the AdSense service, Google has had to update its Terms of Service, as much has changed since they were last drafted. Google has made a few changes to the AdSense Terms and Conditions, and the updated terms can be seen by logging into an AdSense account. Users have to accept these new terms if they want to continue using AdSense. We'll review the major changes made in these terms for you.

From the looks of it, the changes in the terms and conditions aren't radical - nothing that will change user-experience. But there are, however, changes worth noting, especially for people living in the Asia Pacific region. And users, after-all, have to re-accept the terms and conditions before they can use the service again.

As per Google AdSense current terms and conditions, Google is obliged to notify users at least 30 days before any change in its TOS (Terms of Service), so these new updates won't take effect until next month.

When logging in to your account after the changes have been made, you’ll see a notification that presents you with the updated Terms and prompts you to accept them. Within this notification, you can view the new terms and conditions in detail. Note, that one of your account administrators must accept the updated Terms in order for you to access your account and use the AdSense product.

Changes in the Terms and Conditions

Mobile properties

The influence and popularity of mobile web has grown tremendously, and is the trend for 2013. As a result, Google AdSense is now trying to expand their Terms in order to cover mobile properties. These will also incorporate guidelines for using products like the AdMob SDK, and Google Affiliate Network etc.

For people in the Asia-Pacific region

For user accounts based in the Asia-Pacific region, Google AdSense is in the process of transitioning those accounts from Google, Inc. or Google Ireland Ltd. to Google Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd. This step aims at improving better regional support for payment issues, but will not effect the way payments are handled. You can view the list of countries now under Google Asia Pacific here.

Transparency and clarity

The goal of these new Terms is to ensure transparency, and to make things as clear as possible to the users. As a result, Google AdSense is trying to make it easier for users to navigate and find what they're looking for.

If you have questions regarding Google AdSense or its terms, then please feel free to talk to us in the comments section below. Cheers :)

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Why and How To Submit & Share Your AdSense Story To Google?

Google AdSense is still perhaps the largest, and most popular advertising network that helps publishers and webmasters earn from their productions. Most webmasters start off their website monetization with Google AdSense, and many continue using it along with other networks. For some, Google AdSense might have lost its charm, because of the sheer size of publishers now using the network which has brought the CPC (Cost Per Click) down. But for some, Google AdSense still holds its value, and accounts for a major portion of their income. If you are one of these lucky few, then you can share your success story with the world and get recognition for it!

Why Google AdSense is important....still?

Google AdSense has been around for about a decade, and has offered much by way of features. Originally, it was available to very few who passed the Google quality guidelines. And at that time, income from Google AdSense was substantial - so much so that publishers didn't have to look for alternative networks.

Now though, a lot more publishers have started using Google AdSense. And by 'a lot', I mean a humongous amount - hundreds of thousands, possibly millions. As a result, the payout has decreased, since the competition for advertisers has increased. So while previously it was a matter of who has AdSense approved, now it's more a matter of who actually earns a decent income from it. And earning a decent income from Google AdSense these days means you have something useful to show to the world!

Google AdSense Success Story

So, do you earn a decent income from Google AdSense? And by decent, I don't mean a six-figure income (although that'd be cool :D). It could be $500 per month, or even half of that, as long as the story is effective. If your AdSense income has allowed you to quit your regular job, then you're automatically eligible!

An AdSense 'Success Story' is all about how AdSense has impacted your business and/or personal life, and how has it helped you expand your business.

Sharing an AdSense Success Story

If you want to share your AdSense Success Story, then you can submit it here To adsense.

Enter your details such as name, website, etc, and then tell Google about how AdSense has impacted your life or business. This is the part where it all counts, so make sure you make it inspirational!

What's in it for me?

I'm glad you asked. Success Stories, when picked up by Google, can really put you in the pole position against your competitors. First of all, your success stories might be featured on the two dedicated Google pages listed below.

• Google AdSense Success Stories Page
• Google AdSense Stories - Google Support

Besides a listing on these high-authority sites, you might also get a Google+ post, or YouTube video from Google itself! And all of these scenarios will generate rich backlinks for your business. Besides, you can only imagine the referral traffic driven from these mentions. It'll also give you the commanding position over your competitors, since you'll be getting official recognition from Google, and your sponsors, advertisers, clients, etc. will all favour you over them.

So, do you have a winner story? Don't let go of this opportunity to scoop up high authority backlinks, and recognition. Submit and share your Success Story now, and be amazed! Cheers :)

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Search Engine Optimization Guide for blogger websites.

Search Engine Optimization
Starter Guide

This document first began as an effort to help teams within Google, but we thought it'd be just as useful to webmasters that are new to the topic of search engine optimization and wish to improve their sites' interaction with both users and search engines. Although this guide won't tell you any secrets that'll automatically rank your site first for queries in Google (sorry!), following the best practices outlined below will make it easier for search engines to crawl, index and understand your content.
Search engine optimization is often about making small modifications to parts of your website. When viewed individually, these changes might seem like incremental improvements, but when combined with other optimizations, they could have a noticeable impact on your site's user experience and performance in organic search results. You're likely already familiar with many of the topics in this guide, because they're essential ingredients for any web page, but you may not be making the most out of them.

Even though this guide's title contains the words "search engine", we'd like to say that you should base your optimization decisions first and foremost on what's best for the visitors of your site. They're the main consumers of your content and are using search engines to find your work. Focusing too hard on specific tweaks to gain ranking in the organic results of search engines may not deliver the desired results. Search engine optimization is about putting your site's best foot forward when it comes to visibility in search engines, but your ultimate consumers are your users, not search engines.
Your site may be smaller or larger than our example site and offer vastly different content, but the optimization topics we discuss below should apply to sites of all sizes and types. We hope our guide gives you some fresh ideas on how to improve your website, and we'd love to hear your questions, feedback, and success stories in the Google Webmaster Help Forum.
Welcome to Google's
Search Engine Optimization
Starter Guide
Table of Contents

Googlebot
Crawling content on the Internet for Google's index every day, every night, non stop.
From here on, I'll be explaining various points on search engine optimization (SEO)!
SEO Basics
Create unique, accurate page titles
Make use of the "description" meta tag
Improving Site Structure
Improve the structure of your URLs
Make your site easier to navigate
Optimizing Content
Offer quality content and services
Write better anchor text
Optimize your use of images
Use heading tags appropriately
Dealing with Crawlers
Make effective use of robots.txt
Be aware of rel="nofollow" for links
SEO for Mobile Phones
Notify Google of mobile sites
Guide mobile users accurately
Promotions and Analysis
Promote your website in the right ways
Make use of free webmaster tools

Create unique, accurate page titles
SEO Basics
Glossary
Indicate page titles by using title tags
Page title contents are displayed in search
results
(1) The title of the homepage for our baseball card site, which lists the business
name and three main focus areas.
<html>
<head>
<title>Brandon's Baseball Cards - Buy Cards, Baseball News, Card Prices</title>
<meta name="description=" content="Brandon's Baseball Cards provides a
large selection of vintage and modern baseball cards for sale. We also offer
daily baseball news and events in">
</head>
<body>
(2) A user performs the query [baseball cards]. Our homepage shows up as a result,
with the title listed on the first line (notice that the query terms the user searched
for appear in bold).
If the user clicks the result and visits the page, the page's title will appear at the top
of the browser.
(3) A user performs the query [rarest baseball cards]. A relevant, deeper page (its
title is unique to the content of the page) on our site appears as a result.
A title tag tells both users and search engines what the topic of
a particular page is. The <title> tag should be placed within the
<head> tag of the HTML document (1). Ideally, you should create a
unique title for each page on your site.
If your document appears in a search results page, the contents of
the title tag will usually appear in the first line of the results (if
you're unfamiliar with the different parts of a Google search result,
you might want to check out the anatomy of a search result video by
Google engineer Matt Cutts, and this helpful diagram of a Google
search results page). Words in the title are bolded if they appear in the
user's search query. This can help users recognize if the page is
likely to be relevant to their search (2).
The title for your homepage can list the name of your website/
business and could include other bits of important information like
the physical location of the business or maybe a few of its main
focuses or offerings (3).
Search engine
Computer function that searches data available on the Internet using keywords or
other specified terms, or a program containing this function.
<head> tag
An element that indicates the header in an HTML document. The content of this
element will not be displayed in a browser.
HTML
Abbreviation for HyperText Markup Language, a language used when describing web
page documents. It denotes the basic elements of web pages, including the document
text and any hyperlinks and images embedded within.
Search query
Single or multiple terms which are input by the user when performing a search on
search engines.
SEO Basics
Improving Site Structure
Optimizing Content
Dealing with Crawlers
SEO for Mobile Phones
Promotions and Analysis
Links The anatomy of a search result
http://googlewebmastercentral.blogspot.com/2007/11/anatomy-of-search-result.html Diagram of a Google search results page
http://www.google.com/support/websearch/bin/answer.py?answer=35891
Best Practices
Page titles are an important aspect of search engine optimization.
Choose a title that effectively communicates the topic of the page's content.
Accurately describe the page's content choosing a title that has no relation to the content on the page using default or vague titles like "Untitled" or "New Page 1"
Avoid:
Create unique title tags for each page
Each of your pages should ideally have a unique title tag, which helps Google know how the page is distinct from the others on your site. using a single title tag across all of your site's pages or a large group of pages
Avoid:
Use brief, but descriptive titles
Titles can be both short and informative. If the title is too long, Google will show only a portion of it in the search result. using extremely lengthy titles that are unhelpful to users stuffing unneeded keywords in your title tags
Avoid:
Make use of the "description" meta tag
SEO Basics
Glossary
Summaries can be defined for each page
What are the merits of description meta
tags?
(1) The beginning of the description meta tag for our homepage, which gives a brief
overview of the site's offerings.
<html>
<head>
<title>Brandon's Baseball Cards - Buy Cards, Baseball News, Card Prices</title>
<meta name="description=" content="Brandon's Baseball Cards provides a
large selection of vintage and modern baseball cards for sale. We also offer
daily baseball news and events in">
</head>
<body>
(2) A user performs the query [baseball cards]. Our homepage appears as a result,
with part of its description meta tag used as the snippet.
(3) A user performs the query [rarest baseball cards]. One of our deeper pages, with
its unique description meta tag used as the snippet, appears as a result.
A page's description meta tag gives Google and other search
engines a summary of what the page is about (1). Whereas a
page's title may be a few words or a phrase, a page's description meta
tag might be a sentence or two or a short paragraph. Google
Webmaster Tools provides a handy content analysis section that'll tell
you about any description meta tags that are either too short, long, or
duplicated too many times (the same information is also shown for
<title> tags). Like the <title> tag, the description meta tag is placed
within the <head> tag of your HTML document.
Description meta tags are important because Google might use
them as snippets for your pages. Note that we say "might" because
Google may choose to use a relevant section of your page's visible
text if it does a good job of matching up with a user's query.
Alternatively, Google might use your site's description in the Open
Directory Project if your site is listed there (learn how to prevent
search engines from displaying ODP data). Adding description meta
tags to each of your pages is always a good practice in case Google
cannot find a good selection of text to use in the snippet. The
Webmaster Central Blog has an informative post on improving
snippets with better description meta tags.
Words in the snippet are bolded when they appear in the user's query
(2). This gives the user clues about whether the content on the page
matches with what he or she is looking for. (3) is another example,
this time showing a snippet from a description meta tag on a deeper
page (which ideally has its own unique description meta tag)
containing an article.
Snippet
Text displayed beneath the title of a corresponding web page on the search results
pages of a search engine. A web page summary and/or parts of the page that match
the search keywords will be displayed.
Open Directory Project (ODP)

Best Practices
Use description meta tags to
provide both search engines
and users with a summary of
what your page is about!
Accurately summarize the page's content
writing a description meta tag that has no relation to the content on the page
using generic descriptions like "This is a web page" or "Page about baseball cards"
filling the description with only keywords

copying and pasting the entire content of the document into the description meta tag
Avoid:
Write a description that would both inform and interest users if they saw your description meta tag as
a snippet in a search result.
Use unique descriptions for each page
using a single description meta tag across all of your site's pages or a large group of pages
Avoid:
Having a different description meta tag for each page helps both users and Google, especially in
searches where users may bring up multiple pages on your domain (e.g. searches using the site:
operator). If your site has thousands or even millions of pages, hand-crafting description meta tags
probably isn't feasible. In this case, you could automatically generate description meta tags based on
each page's content.
Improve the structure of your URLs
Improving Site Structure
Glossary
Simple-to-understand URLs will convey
content information easily
URLs are displayed in search results
(1) A URL to a page on our baseball card site that a user might have a hard time
with.
(2) The highlighted words above could inform a user or search engine what the
target page is about before following the link.
(3) A user performs the query [baseball cards]. Our homepage appears as a result,
with the URL listed under the title and snippet.
Creating descriptive categories and filenames for the documents on
your website can not only help you keep your site better organized,
but it could also lead to better crawling of your documents by
search engines. Also, it can create easier, "friendlier" URLs for those
that want to link to your content. Visitors may be intimidated by
extremely long and cryptic URLs that contain few recognizable words.
URLs like (1) can be confusing and unfriendly. Users would have a
hard time reciting the URL from memory or creating a link to it. Also,
users may believe that a portion of the URL is unnecessary, especially
if the URL shows many unrecognizable parameters. They might leave
off a part, breaking the link.
Some users might link to your page using the URL of that page as the
anchor text. If your URL contains relevant words, this provides
users and search engines with more information about the page
than an ID or oddly named parameter would (2).
Lastly, remember that the URL to a document is displayed as
part of a search result in Google, below the document's title and
snippet. Like the title and snippet, words in the URL on the search
result appear in bold if they appear in the user's query (3). To the right
is another example showing a URL on our domain for a page
containing an article about the rarest baseball cards. The words in the
URL might appeal to a search user more than an ID number like "www.
brandonsbaseballcards.com/article/102125/" would.
Google is good at crawling all types of URL structures, even if they're
quite complex, but spending the time to make your URLs as simple as
possible for both users and search engines can help. Some
webmasters try to achieve this by rewriting their dynamic URLs to
static ones; while Google is fine with this, we'd like to note that this is
an advanced procedure and if done incorrectly, could cause crawling
issues with your site. To learn even more about good URL structure,
we recommend this Webmaster Help Center page on creating
Google-friendly URLs.

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Class 12th CBSE commerce question papers Business Studies,Accountancy,Economics

213
CLASS XII
One Paper 3 Hours 100 Marks
Unitwise Weightage
Units Periods Marks
Part A : Principles and Functions of Management
1. Introduction to Management 12 5
2. Principles of Management 12 6
3. Business Environment 10 5
4. Planning 12 6
5. Organizing 16 8
6. Staffing 14 6
7. Directing 16 8
8. Controlling 14 6
104 50
Part B: Business Finance and Marketing
9. Financial Management 22 12
10. Financial Markets 20 8
11. Marketing Management 30 14
12. Consumer Protection 16 6
Part C : Project 16 10
104 50
Part A: Principles and Functions of Management
Unit I: Nature and significance of Management (Periods 12)
• Management - concept, objectives and importance
• Management as Science, Art and Profession.
• Levels of management
• Management functions - planning, organising, staffing, directing and controlling.
• Coordination - concept, characteristics and importance.
Unit 2: Principles of Management (Periods 12)
• Principles of Management - concept, nature and significance
• Fayol’s principles of management
• Taylor’s Scientific Management - principles and techniques
214
Unit 3: Management and Business Environment (Periods 10)
• Business Environment - concept and importance
• Dimensions of Business Environment - Economic, Social, Technological, Political and
Legal
• Impact of Government policy changes on business with special reference to liberalization,
privatization and globalisation in India.
Unit 4: Planning (Periods 12)
• Concept, importance and limitations
• Planning process
• Single use and Standing Plans - Objectives, Strategy, Policy, Procedure, Method, Rule,
Budget and Programme.
Unit 5: Organising (Periods 16)
• Concept and importance.
• Organizing Process.
• Structure of organization - functional and divisional.
• Formal and informal organization.
• Delegation: concept, elements and importance.
• Decentralization: concept and importance.
Unit 6: Staffing (Periods 14)
• Concept and importance of staffing
• Staffing as a part of Human Resource Management
• Staffing process :
• Recruitment - sources
• Selection - process
• Training and Development - Concept and importance. Methods of training- on the job
and off the job- Induction training, vestibule training, apprenticeship training and internship
training.
215
Unit 7: Directing (Periods 16)
• Concept and importance
• Elements of Directing
- Supervision - concept, functions of a supervisor.
- Motivation - concept, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs; Financial and non-financial
incentives.
- Leadership - concept, styles - authoritative, democratic and laissen faire.
- Communication - concept , formal and informal communication; barriers to effective
communication, how to overcome the barriers.
Unit 8: Controlling (Periods 14)
• Concept, nature and importance
• Relationship between planning and controlling
• Steps in the process of control
Part B : Business Finance and Marketing
Unit 9: Financial Management (Periods 22)
• Concept and objectives of financial management.
• Financial decisions : investment, financing and dividend and factors affecting.
• Financial planning - concept and importance.
• Capital Structure - concept and factors affecting.
• Fixed and Working Capital - concept and factors affecting their requirements.
Unit 10: Financial Markets (Periods 20)
• Financial Markets: concept and types.
• Money market and its instruments.
• Capital market and its types (primary and secondary).
• Stock Exchange - functions and training procedure. Depository Services and D'mat
Account.
• Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) - objectives and functions.
Unit 11: Marketing Management (Periods 30)
• Marketing - concept and functions.
• Marketing management philosophies.
• Marketing Mix - concept
- Product - concept, branding, labeling and packaging.
216
- Price - factors determining price.
- Physical distribution- concept, channels of distribution: types, choice of channels.
- Promotion -concept and elements; advertising- concept, role, objections against
advertising, personal selling - concept and qualities of a good salesman, sales
promotion - concept and techniques, public relations - concept and role.
Unit 12: Consumer Protection (Periods 16)
• Concept and importance of consumer protection.
• Consumer Protection Act 1986
- Meaning of consumer and consumer protection.
- Rights and responsibilities of consumers
- Who can file a complaint and against whom?
- Redressal machinery.
- Remedies available.
• Consumer awareness - Role of consumer organizations and NGO's
Unit 13: Project Work (Periods 16)

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Cbse and Bseb 2014,2015 class 10 and 12 question papers Math,Science,Hindi,English,Accounts,Business Studies,Economics

BUSINESS STUDIES (054)
CLASS–XII (2014-15)
COURSE STRUCTURE
One Paper 3 Hours
100 Marks
Units Periods Marks
Part A: Principles and Functions of Management
1. Nature and Significance of Management 14
2. Principles of Management 14 16
3. Business Environment 12
4. Planning 14
5. Organising 18
14
6. Staffing 16
7. Directing 18 20
8. Controlling 14
120 50
Part B: Business Finance and Marketing
9. Financial Management 22
10. Financial Markets 20
15
11. Marketing Management 32
12. Consumer Protection 16 15
Part C: Project Work 30 20
120 50
Part A: Principles and Functions of Management
Unit 1: Nature and Significance of Management 14 Periods Management- concept, objectives and importance. Management as Science, Art and Profession. Levels of ManagementManagement functions- planning, organising, staffing, directing and controlling. Coordination- concept and importance.
Concept includes meaning and characteristics/features.
Objectives - organizational, social and personal.
Management as art- Features of art and the existence of these features in management.
Management as science- Features of science and the existence of these features in management. Management
as profession- features of profession and the existence of these features in management.
Levels of management-Functions of management at top, middle and supervisory levels with names of job
positions.
}
}
}
}}
244
Unit 2: Principles of Management 14 Periods Principles of Management- concept and significance. Fayol's principles of management.Taylor's Scientific management- principles and techniques.
Meaning of principles of management. Nature of principles of management by stating their basic
characteristics.
Significance or need of principles of management. Principles of Scientific. Management given by Taylor-
Science, not rule of thumb; Harmony, not discord; Cooperation, not individualism;
Development of each and every person to his or her greatest efficiency and prosperity. Taylor's techniques
of Scientific management: Functional Foremanship; Standardisation and Simplification;
Work study: Method study, Motion study, Time study, Fatigue study. Differential piece wage system.
Basis of his thought Mental Revolution.
Unit 3: Management and Business Environment 12 PeriodsBusiness Environment- concept and importance. Dimensions of Business Environment- Economic, Social, Technological, Political and Legal. Impact of Government policy changes on business with special reference to liberalization,
privatization and globalization in India.
Dimensions of Business Environment- meaning and components only.
Unit 4: Planning 14 Periods Concept, importance and limitations. Planning process Single use and standing plans. Objectives, Strategy, Policy, Procedure, Method, Rule, Budget
and Programme.
Limitations- internal and external. Meaning of single use and standing plans.
Unit 5: Organising 18 Periods Concept and importance.
Organising Process. Structure of organisation- functional and divisional- concept. Formal and informal organisationconcept. Delegation: concept, elements and importance. Decentralization: concept and importance.
Structure of organisation- functional and divisional- merits and limitations.
Formal and informal - merits and limitations.
Unit 6: Staffing 16 Periods Concept and importance of staffing. Staffing as a part of Human Resource Management- concept.Staffing process
245 Recruitment- sourcesSelection -processTraining and Development- Concept and importance. Methods of training- on the job and off
the job- Induction training, vestibule training, apprenticeship training and internship training.
Recruitment Sources- Internal-promotion, transfer; External -Direct recruitment, Casual callers,
Advertisements-(newspapers, journals, television), Employment Exchange, Placement Agencies and
Management Consultants, Campus Recruitment, Web Publishing, Labour Contractors, Recommendations
of employees .
Methods of on-the-job training and off-the job training-meaning.
Unit 7: Directing 18 Periods Concept and importance Elements of Directing
- Supervision- concept, functions of a supervisor.
- Motivation- concept, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Financial and non-financial incentives.
- Leadership- concept, styles- authoritative, democratic and laissez faire.
- Communication-concept, formal and informal communication; barriers to effective
communication, how to overcome the barriers.
Motivation- Financial incentives-meaning, types- Pay and Allowances, Productivity linked wage incentive,
bonus, Profit sharing, co-partnership/stock option, Retirement benefits, Perquisites; Non-financial
incentives- meaning, types-Status, Career advancement opportunity, Job enrichment, Job security, Employee
recognition programmes, Job enrichment, Employee participation, Employee empowerment.
Formal and informal communication- concept; barriers to effective communication- semantic barriers
( badly expressed message, symbols with different meanings, faulty translations, unclarified assumptions,
technical jargon), psychological barriers (premature evaluation, lack of attention, distrust), organisational
barriers (organisational policy, rules and regulations, complexity in organisational structure, organisational
facilities), personal barriers ( fear of challenge to authority, lack of confidence of superior on his subordinates,
unwillingness to communicate, lack of proper incentives). How to overcome barriers: Communicate
according to the needs of the receiver, clarify the ideas before communication, be aware of the language,
tone and content of the message, communicate for present as well for the future, ensure proper feedback
and be a good listener.
Unit 8: Controlling 14 Periods
􀁎 Concept and importance.
􀁎 Relationship between planning and controlling
􀁎 Steps in the process of control
Self explanatory.
PART B: BUSINESS FINANCE AND MARKETING
Unit 9: Financial Management 22 Periods
􀁎 Concept and objective of Financial Management.
􀁎 Financial Decisions: investment, financing and dividend- Meaning and factors affecting.
􀁎 Financial Planning- concept and importance.
246
􀁎 Capital Structure - Concept.
􀁎 Fixed and Working Capital - Concept and factors affecting their requirements.
Factors affecting capital budgeting decisions- cash flows of the project, the rate of return, investment
criteria involved. Factors affecting financing decision-cash flow position of the company, cost, risk, floatation
costs, fixed operating costs, control considerations, state of the capital market, Return on investment, tax
rate, flexibility, regulatory framework . Factors affecting dividend decision- amount of earnings, stability
of earnings, stability of dividends, growth opportunities, cash flow position, shareholder's preference,
taxation policy, stock market reaction, access to capital market, legal constraints, contractual constraints.
Factors affecting fixed capital requirement- Nature of business, scale of operations, choice of technique,
technology upgradation, growth prospects, diversification, financing alternatives, level of collaboration.
Working capital- concept of operating cycle, factors affecting working capital requirement- Nature of
business, scale of operations, business cycle, seasonal factors, production cycle, credit allowed, credit availed,
availability of raw material.
Unit 10: Financial Markets 20 Periods
• Financial Markets: Concept and types.
• Money market and its instruments.
• Capital market and its types (primary and secondary)
• Stock Exchange- Functions and trading procedure.
• Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)- objectives and functions.
Types of financial market- money market and capital market- meaning.
Money market instruments- Treasury bill, commercial paper, call money, certificate of deposit, commercial
bill.
Capital market -Types- primary and secondary market- concept.
Unit 11: Marketing Management 32 Periods
• Selling, Marketing and Societal Marketing management- Concept.
• Marketing management- Concept.
• Marketing Functions.
• Marketing management philosophies.
• Marketing Mix - Concept & elements
- Product-Concept, branding, labelling and packaging.
- Price- Factors determining price.
- Physical Distribution- concept, channels of distribution: types, choice of channels.
- Promotion- Concept and elements; advertising-concept, role, objections against advertising,
personal selling-concept and qualities of a good salesman, sales promotion- concept and
techniques, public relations- concept and role.
Marketing mix elements- Product, price, place, promotion
Branding, labelling, packaging- concept and functions .Choice of channels of distribution- factors affecting
choice of channel- product related factors, company characteristics, competitive factors, market factors,
environmental factors.
247
Unit 12: Consumer Protection 16 Periods
• Concept and importance of consumer protection.
• Consumer Protection Act 1986
- Meaning of consumer and consumer protection
- Rights and responsibilities of consumers
- Who can file a complaint and against whom?
- Redressal machinery.
- Remedies available.
• Consumer awareness-Role of consumer organizations and NGOs
Self explanatory
Unit 13: Project Work 30 Periods
Please refer to guidelines issued by CBSE.
248

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